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Marriage of convenience
A marriage of convenience (plural ''marriages of convenience'') is a marriage contracted for reasons other than that of relationship, family, or love. Instead, such a marriage is orchestrated for personal gain or some other sort of strategic purpose, such as political marriage. In the cases when it represents a fraud, it is called sham marriage.
==Legal loophole==
Marriages of convenience are often contracted to exploit legal loopholes of various sorts. A couple may wed for reasons of citizenship or right of abode, for example, as many countries around the world will grant such rights to anyone married to a resident citizen. In the United States, this practice is known as a green card marriage. Another example is as a sort of catch-cry against the Australian Government's Youth Allowance laws. On 31 March 2010 two students were publicly and legally married on the University's lawn in a so-called "marriage of convenience" so that they could both receive full Youth Allowance.〔Hood, Lucy, ("Students marry to highlight youth allowance inconsistencies" ), ''The Advertiser'', Adelaide, Australia, April 1, 2010〕
Because they exploit legal loopholes, marriages of convenience often have legal consequences. For example, U.S. Immigration (USCIS) can punish this with a $250,000 fine and five-year prison sentence.〔US Department of Justice, ("1948 Marriage Fraud—8 U.S.C. § 1325(c) and 18 U.S.C. § 1546" ), US Attorneys Manual, Title 9, Criminal Resource Manual.The Immigration Marriage Fraud Amendments Act of 1986 amended § 1325 by adding § 1325(c), which provides a penalty of five years imprisonment and a $250,000 fine for any "individual who knowingly enters into a marriage for the purpose of evading any provision of the immigration laws." 〕〔USCIS, ("11 Arrested, Indicted in Multi-State Operation Targeting Visa and Mail Fraud" )."The maximum sentences for the above charges are:
* Conspiracy: 5 Years in Prison and a $250,000 fine
* Mail Fraud: 20 Years in Prison and a $250,000 fine
* Wire Fraud 20 Years in Prison and a $250,000 fine
* False Statement in Immigration Matter: 10 Years in Prison and a $250,000 fine"
〕〔Fraudulent marriage is any marriage that has been entered into with the sole purpose of circumventing the law. According to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), Act 255 (U.S.C 1325 ), the consequences of entering into a marriage in order to evade the law include incarceration for up to five years, a fine of up to $250,000, or both.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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